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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Sample Preparation in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Protein Adsorption and Polymer Mechanics
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Quartz crystal microbalance based histidine sensor.

Merve Sönmezler1, Erdoğan Özgür1,2, Handan Yavuz1

  • 1a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
|January 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor was developed for detecting l-histidine using imprinted nanoparticles. This QCM biosensor demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity for l-histidine detection in complex biological samples.

Keywords:
-histidineamino acid detectionmolecular imprintingquartz crystal microbalance

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing selective and sensitive biosensors is crucial for accurate biomolecule detection.
  • Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) technology offers label-free, real-time monitoring capabilities.
  • Imprinted polymers provide a molecular recognition element for specific analyte binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a QCM biosensor for the specific detection of l-histidine.
  • To synthesize and characterize l-histidine imprinted nanoparticles.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, and adsorption kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of l-histidine imprinted poly(EGDMA-MAH/Cu(II)) nanoparticles via miniemulsion polymerization.
  • Fabrication of a QCM biosensor by immobilizing nanoparticles onto the QCM electrode.
  • Characterization using ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, and FTIR.
  • Adsorption kinetic studies and selectivity tests with competitor molecules (d-histidine, l-tryptophan) and proteins (RNAase, lysozyme, cytochrome-C, BSA).

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized uniform l-histidine imprinted nanoparticles (86.43 nm).
  • Demonstrated near-monolayer particle thin films on the QCM electrode.
  • Established a detection range for l-histidine from 6.44 μM to 225.6 μM.
  • Showcased high selectivity for l-histidine against d-histidine and l-tryptophan.
  • Investigated competitive adsorption with histidine-exposed proteins.

Conclusions:

  • The developed QCM biosensor effectively detects l-histidine with high specificity.
  • Imprinted nanoparticles are a promising material for QCM-based biosensing applications.
  • The sensor shows potential for analyzing biological samples containing l-histidine and related proteins.