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[The microbiota-gut-brain axis and its great projections].

M Gomez-Eguilaz1, J L Ramon-Trapero2, L Perez-Martinez1

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Summary

The gut-brain axis describes the communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system. This connection may play a role in neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The human body hosts millions of microorganisms, primarily in the digestive tract, collectively known as the microbiota.
  • Microbiota composition is influenced by diet, habits, diseases, and drugs, impacting host metabolism, immunity, and central nervous system function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, termed the gut-brain axis.
  • To elucidate the communication pathways involved in the gut-brain axis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the gut-brain axis.
  • Identification of communication channels: vagus nerve, systemic pathways (hormones, metabolites, neurotransmitters), and the immune system (cytokines).

Main Results:

  • The gut-brain axis involves bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the central nervous system.
  • Potential pathogenic role of the gut-brain axis in neurological disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • The gut-brain axis represents a significant area of research with implications for neurological disease pathogenesis.
  • Probiotic studies show promising results for conditions like Alzheimer's disease, highlighting therapeutic potential.