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Phytochrome-Based Extracellular Matrix with Reversibly Tunable Mechanical Properties.

Maximilian Hörner1,2,3, Katrin Raute1,2,3, Barbara Hummel2,4

  • 1Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optogenetics enables precise control over cellular functions by tuning polymer material properties with light. This new optogenetic approach allows studying cell responses to dynamic mechanical changes and controlling cell migration.

Keywords:
biomaterialscell migrationextracellular matrixmechanosignalingoptogeneticsphytochromes

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Optogenetics

Background:

  • Optogenetics offers revolutionary insights into cellular fate and function by controlling cellular effectors with light.
  • Spatiotemporal control of signaling processes is achieved by coupling photoreceptors to cellular effectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fast and reversibly switchable photoreceptor system for tuning polymer material properties.
  • To create light-responsive hydrogel materials for studying cell mechanosignaling and controlling cell migration.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered cyanobacterial phytochrome 1 was integrated into a poly(ethylene glycol) matrix.
  • Synthesized hydrogel materials responsive to red/far-red light.
  • Applied materials to study human mesenchymal stem cells and primary immune cells in 3D.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated wavelength-specific, dose-controlled, and space-controlled tuning of material mechanical properties.
  • Investigated mechanosignaling pathway responses in human mesenchymal stem cells to dynamic mechanical environments.
  • Controlled the migration of primary immune cells in 3D using the optogenetic matrix.

Conclusions:

  • The optogenetics-inspired matrix enables addressing fundamental questions about cellular responses to dynamic mechanical environments.
  • Remote control of these matrices offers new opportunities for tissue engineering and optically stimulated drug depots.