Exploiting Layered Multi-Path Routing Protocols to Avoid Void Hole Regions for Reliable Data Delivery and Efficient
Suhail Ashfaq Butt1,2, Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar3, Nadeem Javaid4
1School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia. suhail.ashfaq@ue.edu.pk.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 30, 2019
Summary
This study introduces novel adaptive routing protocols for IoT-enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT-UWSNs). These protocols enhance energy efficiency and reliable data delivery by minimizing active nodes and communication overhead.
Area of Science:
- Computer Science
- Network Engineering
- Wireless Communication
Background:
- IoT-enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT-UWSNs) face challenges in energy efficiency and reliable data delivery due to resource constraints.
- Traditional transmission methods often increase communication overhead, leading to network congestion and reduced data reliability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose adaptive energy-efficient routing protocols for IoT-UWSNs.
- To address challenges of communication overhead, congestion, and reliable data delivery.
- To enhance the network lifetime by conserving node battery power.
Main Methods:
- Integration of Shortest Path First (SPF) strategy with the least number of active nodes.
- Incorporation of features from Forward Layered Multi-path Power Control One (FLMPC-One) and Two (FLMPC-Two) routing protocols.
- Utilization of Dijkstra's algorithm for shortest path selection and consideration of varying packet sizes and data rates.
Main Results:
- Validation of two proposed protocols: Shortest Path First using 3-hop neighbors information (SPF-Three) and Breadth First Search with Shortest Path First using 3-hop neighbors information (BFS-SPF-Three).
- Demonstrated effectiveness in reducing Energy Consumption (EC) and Required Packet Error Rate (RPER).
- Achieved these improvements with a minimal number of active nodes, incurring only affordable delays.
Conclusions:
- The proposed SPF-Three and BFS-SPF-Three protocols offer a significant improvement in energy efficiency and data reliability for IoT-UWSNs.
- These protocols effectively manage network resources by minimizing active nodes and communication overhead.
- The findings suggest a promising approach for extending the operational lifetime of underwater sensor networks.
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