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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Proinflammatory Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Asthma.

R Stokes Peebles1, Mark A Aronica2

  • 1Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VUMC, T-1218 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VUMC, T-1218 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|January 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Asthma involves innate and adaptive immune responses, including ILC2 cells and T-lymphocytes. Eicosanoids like prostaglandin D2 also contribute to asthma inflammation and smooth muscle constriction.

Keywords:
AdaptiveAsthmaInnateProstaglandin leukotriene

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Asthma pathogenesis involves complex proinflammatory pathways.
  • Both innate and adaptive immunity play critical roles in allergic inflammation.
  • Eicosanoids significantly contribute to asthma's inflammatory and physiological responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the key inflammatory pathways in asthma.
  • To highlight the roles of innate immune cells and adaptive T-lymphocytes.
  • To detail the involvement of eicosanoids in asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on asthma pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms of innate immune responses (e.g., ILC2 activation).
  • Examination of adaptive immune cell involvement (e.g., CD4+ Th2, IL-17 cells).
  • Investigation of eicosanoid pathways (prostaglandin D2, cysteinyl leukotrienes).

Main Results:

  • Innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) are activated by IL-33, TSLP, and IL-25, producing IL-5 and IL-13.
  • Adaptive immunity involves CD4+ T-helper 2 (Th2) and IL-17-producing cells in asthma inflammation.
  • Eicosanoids, specifically prostaglandin D2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes, drive smooth muscle contraction and allergic inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple proinflammatory pathways, including innate and adaptive immunity and eicosanoids, are central to asthma.
  • ILC2s, Th2 cells, IL-17 cells, and specific eicosanoids are critical mediators of asthma pathology.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for developing targeted asthma therapies.