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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation

Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation

Published on: June 1, 2019

Trained Immunity Carried by Non-immune Cells.

Attoumani Hamada¹, Cédric Torre¹, Michel Drancourt¹

¹IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.

Frontiers in Microbiology

|January 30, 2019

Summary

Trained immunity provides lasting protection against infections via innate immune cells. This review explores how non-immune cells might also develop this immunological memory, offering new therapeutic avenues.

Keywords:

immunomodulatory lifespan non-immune cells stem cells trained immunity

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Trained immunity describes an innate immune system's enhanced response to secondary infections, independent of adaptive immunity.
This memory, lasting months, is typically associated with innate immune cells like monocytes and macrophages, whose lifespan is shorter than the memory duration.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on cells possessing immunological memory.
To discuss the potential role of non-immune cells in carrying trained immunity and the underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on trained immunity and cellular memory.
Analysis of evidence suggesting non-immune cell involvement in long-term immune responses.

Main Results:

Innate immune cells develop trained immunity, but their short lifespan challenges explanations for long-term memory.
Non-immune cells, like fibroblasts, contribute to pathogen response and may harbor immunological memory.
Long-term inflammation suggests non-immune cells can be trained for lasting immune memory.

Conclusions:

Non-immune cells are emerging as potential carriers of trained immunity, expanding our understanding beyond traditional immune cells.
Further research into non-immune cell memory mechanisms could reveal novel therapeutic targets for infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions.