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Isolation of Valvular Endothelial Cells
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Risk factors for valvular calcification.

Hao Yu Chen1,2, James C Engert1,2,3, George Thanassoulis1,2

  • 1Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|January 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review identifies key risk factors for valvular calcification, including calcific aortic valve disease and mitral annular calcification. Understanding these factors may lead to new treatments for heart valve conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Valvular calcification, including calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and mitral annular calcification (MAC), is a growing concern.
  • Established risk factors for CAVD overlap with atherosclerosis, suggesting shared pathways.
  • Risk factors for MAC are less understood than for CAVD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and emerging risk factors for valvular calcification.
  • To specifically examine risk factors for calcific aortic valve disease and mitral annular calcification.
  • To identify potential targets for pharmacological intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of established and emerging risk factors.
  • Examination of genetic associations from genome-wide analyses.

Main Results:

  • Established CAVD risk factors include age, male sex, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, adiposity, and mineral metabolism.
  • Emerging CAVD risk factors include family history and lipoprotein(a) (LPA).
  • MAC risk factors include age, smoking, BMI, kidney dysfunction, and triglycerides; evidence for sex and C-reactive protein is conflicting.

Conclusions:

  • Established and emerging CAVD risk factors, some shared with atherosclerosis, offer potential for pharmacological intervention.
  • Mitral annular calcification is less understood, but some atherosclerosis risk factors are implicated.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate MAC pathogenesis and identify therapeutic targets.