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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Communications
    • Cybersecurity

    Background:

    • Quantum stream ciphers offer enhanced security through quantum phenomena.
    • Fiber-optic communication systems require robust encryption methods for secure data transmission.
    • Shot noise in optical systems can be leveraged for cryptographic purposes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a high-speed fiber-optic cipher transmission system.
    • To implement a phase-shift keying (PSK) Y-00 quantum stream cipher for secure communication.
    • To evaluate the system's performance over long-distance fiber links.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a phase-shift keying (PSK) Y-00 quantum stream cipher with a pre-shared key.
    • Employed coarse-to-fine phase modulation using two cascaded phase modulators.
    • Integrated digital decryption within digital signal processing (DSP) for intra-dyne coherent detection.
    • Leveraged quantum (shot) noise to mask neighboring signal phases for security.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated 10-Gbaud PSK Y-00 cipher transmission over 400 km of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF).
    • Achieved 2^17 phase levels for signal masking through coarse-to-fine phase modulation.
    • Masked 167 signal phase levels by shot noise at a bit-error ratio below the FEC threshold (3.8 × 10^-3).
    • DSP-based decryption enabled cipher detection without performance penalties.

    Conclusions:

    • The PSK Y-00 quantum stream cipher is a viable technique for high-speed, secure fiber-optic communication.
    • Shot noise masking provides effective security for optical data transmission.
    • The developed system demonstrates practical application of quantum principles in secure communication over extended fiber distances.