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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
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Renal Cortex
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma
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Primary Ewing sarcoma of the kidney.

Abtin Doroudinia1, Sara Ahmadi1, Payam Mehrian2

  • 1PET/CT, Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, The Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Primary renal Ewing sarcoma (ES) or primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) is rare in adults. This case highlights successful treatment with conventional ES protocols and the utility of PET/CT scans for restaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Primary renal Ewing sarcoma (ES) or primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) is exceptionally rare in adult patients.
  • Conventional ES treatment protocols are effective for renal ES/PNET.

Observation:

  • A young woman presented with flank pain and hematuria, revealing a renal mass.
  • Diagnosis confirmed as grade 4 ES with peritoneal involvement post-nephrectomy.

Findings:

  • The patient received 5 months of adjuvant chemotherapy.
  • Follow-up 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan detected widespread metastatic adenopathies.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering ES/PNET in adult renal masses.
  • FDG PET/CT is crucial for accurate tumor restaging and monitoring treatment response in renal ES/PNET.