[The German science of schizophrenia and psychiatric emigration]

1933-1938 German psychiatry has suffered great losses, the consequences of which are investigated as far as schizophrenia theory is concerned. Our stress is on American schizophrenia theory, for the bulk of psychiatrists has emigrated to the US, and after their arrival an unprecedented rise of psychiatry began. Even prior to this time Kraepelin's theory of dementia praecox had, adversely to the English-American tradition, intruded into American psychiatry, seen via the critical eyes of Adolf Meyer though. Meyer added a psychodynamic cultural theory, which was followed by an unduly expansion of schizophrenia diagnoses. The phenomenological school was little common, and because of its completely different philosophy was hardly understood in the US. Its principal publication, "schizophrenia", edited 1932 by Wilmans, has not been translated into English. E. von Domarus was capable to unfold a thorough influence across Arieti, which has been shown in core example. The American psychodynamic school was hardly comparable to its European counterpart, therefore its exponents, e.g. F. and O. Kant, were barely known. One of the most important schools of family therapy originated under the personal influence of Adolf Meyer and was supported by Ruth Wilmans-Lidz. Most of its members later joined the psychoanalytic movement. Nearly all of the German speaking psychoanalysts have emigrated. Nevertheless psychoanalytic emigrants have added little to schizophrenia theory. Their contributions mainly concerned therapy, which necessitates a theory also. The example of Frieda Fromm-Reichmann has been shown more in detail, and a few others have been mentioned. Particular paragraphs are dedicated as to how Leopold Bellak conveyed European schizophrenia literatur, others to Frederick Redlich and the stratum theory, as well as Heinz Lehman and psychopharmacology. Starting 1953 psychopharmacology developed rapidly and generated a "New Psychiatry", which ended up in DSM III. Its schizophrenia theory dropped the ideas of the preceding decades and, as far as phenomenology is concerned, attached to its further development in nazi Germany.