Metrics for evaluating the stability and reproducibility of mass spectra

In this work, we demonstrate a new approach for assessing the stability and reproducibility of mass spectra obtained via ambient ionization methods. This method is suitable for both comparing experiments during which only one mass spectrum is measured and for evaluating the internal homogeneity of mass spectra collected over a period of time. The approach uses Pearson's r coefficient and the cosine measure to compare the spectra. It is based on the visualization of dissimilarities between measurements, thus leading to the analysis of dissimilarity patterns. The cosine measure and correlations are compared to obtain better metrics for spectra homogeneity. The method filters out unreliable scans to prevent the analyzed sample from being wrongly characterized. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on a set of brain tumor samples. The developed method could be employed in neurosurgical applications, where mass spectrometry is used to monitor the intraoperative tumor border.