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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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CRISPR-Based Tools in Immunity.

Dimitre R Simeonov1,2,3, Alexander Marson2,3,4,5,6,7

  • 1Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.

Annual Review of Immunology
|January 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR gene editing tools enable precise genome engineering for studying immune function. This technology accelerates biomedical research and the development of novel immunotherapies for various diseases.

Keywords:
CRISPRautoimmunitycancer immunotherapycell therapygenetic circuitsgenome engineeringimmunity

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR technology, derived from bacterial defense mechanisms, is a powerful tool for genome editing.
  • Its adaptability, precision, and ease of use have revolutionized biomedical research.
  • CRISPR facilitates the interrogation and engineering of genomes in various organisms and cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review CRISPR-based tools and their applications in understanding immune system function.
  • To explore how CRISPR aids in decoding genetic circuits controlling immunity in health and disease.
  • To discuss the potential of CRISPR for developing synthetic cellular immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR-based technologies for genome editing.
  • Analysis of CRISPR applications in studying immune cell genetic variation.
  • Discussion of CRISPR's role in functional genomic studies of immunity.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR enables unprecedented opportunities for studying coding and noncoding genome sequences in immunity.
  • Genetic variations in immune cells, studied via CRISPR, impact autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and cancer immunotherapy.
  • CRISPR accelerates research into the genetic basis of immune function.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR technology is a versatile tool for advancing our understanding of immune system genetics.
  • CRISPR facilitates the study of genetic variation's role in immune-related diseases.
  • CRISPR holds significant potential for engineering advanced cellular immunotherapies.