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Published on: July 27, 2018
Life Course Approaches to the Causes of Health Disparities
Nancy L Jones1, Stephen E Gilman1, Tina L Cheng1
1Nancy L. Jones is with Community Health and Population Sciences, Division of Extramural Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Stephen E. Gilman is with Social and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Intramural Population Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, and Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Tina L. Cheng is with Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, MD. Stacy S. Drury is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Carl V. Hill is with the Office of Special Populations, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health. Arline T. Geronimus is with the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy Jones is also a Guest Editor for this supplement issue.
Understanding how social and environmental exposures across a lifetime impact health is key to reducing health disparities. Integrating life course approaches into research can advance the science of health disparities.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Health disparities stem from complex mechanisms requiring in-depth understanding.
- Life course approaches offer a framework to analyze how exposures shape health across generations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of life course approaches in understanding and addressing health disparities.
- To propose strategies for integrating life course perspectives into health disparities research.
Main Methods:
- Leveraging developmental and structural perspectives within a life course framework.
- Analyzing how socially patterned exposures influence health trajectories over time.
Main Results:
- Life course approaches provide crucial insights into the etiology of health disparities.
- Socially patterned exposures and environments disproportionately allocate risks and resources, altering health trajectories.
Conclusions:
- Integrating life course approaches is essential for advancing the science of health disparities.
- Key strategies include understanding multiple exposures, biological mechanisms, transgenerational transmission, and interventions.
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