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Related Concept Videos

Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

549
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
549
Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Syndromes that predispose to epistaxis.

Anasuya Guha1, Petr Schalek2, Martin Chovanec2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Charles University, Srobarova 1150/50, 10034, Prague, Czech Republic. anasuya.guha@fnkv.cz.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|February 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, is often linked to vascular issues or bleeding disorders. However, its direct connection to certain syndromes remains unclear, risking underdiagnosis.

Keywords:
Bleeding diathesisEpistaxisGenetic disorderHHTSyndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Syndromes
  • Hematology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Epistaxis (nosebleeds) is a common symptom with various underlying causes.
  • Syndromes associated with epistaxis can stem from vascular abnormalities or coagulation defects.
  • The precise relationship between epistaxis and the etiology of certain syndromes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if epistaxis is a direct cause or a secondary effect of specific syndromes.
  • To evaluate the association between epistaxis and the underlying mechanisms of syndromes.
  • To clarify the diagnostic role of epistaxis in rare genetic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted an extensive literature review using the PubMed database.
  • Identified syndromes associated with epistaxis.
  • Analyzed the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of these syndromes.

Main Results:

  • Epistaxis frequently occurs in syndromes related to vascular anomalies or coagulation defects.
  • In certain cases, the direct link between epistaxis and the syndrome's core mechanism is not evident.
  • The occurrence of epistaxis can vary among different syndromes.

Conclusions:

  • The direct relationship between epistaxis and syndrome etiology is not always clear.
  • Rare syndromes and the absence of specific clinical indicators can lead to underdiagnosis.
  • A diagnostic dilemma persists regarding whether epistaxis is a primary or secondary manifestation.