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    Area of Science:

    • Medical imaging
    • Biomedical engineering
    • Ultrasound technology

    Background:

    • Accurate tissue motion estimation is crucial for ultrasound elastography.
    • Affine-model-based optical flow (OF) surpasses block matching (BM) but has limitations in lateral estimation.
    • Spatial angular compounding (SAC) improves motion estimation, but OF-based SAC (OF-SAC) has not been explored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and evaluate OF-SAC for improved axial and lateral motion estimation in ultrasound elastography.
    • To compare the performance of OF-SAC against BM-based SAC (BM-SAC).

    Main Methods:

    • OF-SAC and BM-SAC were implemented and compared using simulations and phantom experiments.
    • Both plane wave and focused wave transmissions were utilized.
    • Performance was quantitatively assessed using root-mean-square error (RMSE), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).

    Main Results:

    • Spatial angular compounding (SAC) improved motion estimation for both OF and BM methods, irrespective of wave transmission type.
    • OF-SAC demonstrated superior performance over BM-SAC, exhibiting lower RMSE and higher SNR and CNR for both axial and lateral strain.
    • Preliminary in vivo results on human carotid artery confirmed OF-SAC's superiority.

    Conclusions:

    • OF-SAC offers significant improvements in both axial and lateral motion and strain estimation compared to BM-SAC.
    • OF-SAC is a preferred method for enhanced ultrasound elastography, particularly for improving lateral motion estimation.
    • The findings suggest OF-SAC's potential for more accurate non-invasive tissue characterization.