Measuring spatio-temporal accessibility to emergency medical services through big GPS data
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
Published on: November 9, 2016
Tianqi Xia1, Xuan Song1, Haoran Zhang2
1Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan.
Abstract:
Medical accessibility is an important indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of public health services. However, the previous medical accessibility studies mainly focus on spatial accessibility without considering temporal variation in population distribution which is significant for evaluating access to emergency medical service (EMS). This paper proposes a model of spatio-temporal accessibility to EMS called ST-E2SFCA based on adapting the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method. We apply our method to the greater Tokyo area for a large volume of GPS dataset with millions of users and compare the accessibility difference over space and time. To evaluate our model, we also analyze the distinction of our model over different weight sets and compare the performance of ST-E2SFCA with the traditional E2SFCA. The result shows that our method can illustrate the temporal difference and is suitable for measuring the spatio-temporal accessibility to EMS, thus can guide the hospital location selection and urban planning.
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