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Modeling Host-Virus Interactions in Viral Infectious Diseases Using Stem-Cell-Derived Systems and CRISPR/Cas9
Jihoon Kim1, Bon-Kyoung Koo2, Ki-Jun Yoon3
1Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria. jihoon.kim@imba.oeaw.ac.at.
Viruses
|February 2, 2019
Summary
New stem cell and gene editing technologies enhance viral pathogenesis research. These advanced models improve understanding of host-virus interactions and enable study of previously difficult-to-model viruses.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Traditional 2D cell cultures and mouse models have limitations in studying host-virus interactions.
- Understanding viral pathogenesis requires in vitro systems that mimic in vivo physiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in viral pathogenesis and host-virus crosstalk studies.
- To highlight the impact of new technologies on virology research.
Main Methods:
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
- Adult stem-cell-derived organoid cultures
- CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing
Main Results:
- These technologies enable more accurate modeling of the host environment for viral pathogenesis.
- Facilitates genome-wide analysis of host-virus crosstalk.
- Enables study of viruses like noroviruses, rotaviruses, and Zika virus.
Conclusions:
- iPSC, organoid, and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies represent a new era in studying viral pathogenesis.
- These advancements address previously challenging questions in host-virus interactions.
- Future research can leverage these models for novel discoveries in virology.
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