Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026
08:56
Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
Published on: October 7, 2021
3.3K
Entrapment Neuropathies of the Upper Extremity
Christopher T Doughty1, Michael P Bowley2
1Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
The Medical Clinics of North America
|February 2, 2019
Summary
Common upper extremity entrapment neuropathies like carpal tunnel syndrome cause pain and weakness. This review covers their causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Orthopedics
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Background:
- Upper extremity entrapment neuropathies are prevalent conditions.
- They manifest as pain, sensory deficits, and muscle weakness, potentially causing significant functional impairment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review common upper extremity entrapment neuropathies.
- To discuss their pathophysiology, etiologies, and diagnostic challenges.
- To guide treatment modality selection.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of common entrapment neuropathies.
- Discussion of pathophysiology and etiologies.
- Analysis of diagnostic differentiation and treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Identified common neuropathies: median neuropathy at the wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome), ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, and radial neuropathy.
- Detailed the pathophysiology of nerve compression and common causes.
- Outlined strategies for distinguishing from mimics like cervical radiculopathy.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis of upper extremity nerve entrapment is crucial for effective management.
- Understanding pathophysiology and differential diagnosis aids in selecting appropriate treatments.
- This review provides a framework for managing these common neurological conditions.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Absolute and Local Extreme Values
68
The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
68
01:12Arteries of the Upper Limbs
2.3K
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
2.3K
01:17Veins of Upper Limbs
4.1K
The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
4.1K
01:19Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
7.1K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
7.1K
01:27Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants
892
Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
892
01:24Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow
1.6K
The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
1.6K