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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:16

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This lesson delves into Lewis acids and bases in the context of the octet rule for electron-deficient compounds. Here, the concept is discussed, emphasizing the group 13 elements like boron or aluminium. Since group 13 elements possess three valence electrons, they form trivalent compounds with a sextet of electrons and a vacant orbital for the central atom. Consequently, these electron-deficient compounds accept electrons from other species to complete their octet in a chemical reaction. They...
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Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule02:36

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

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Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

61.3K
Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
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Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

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To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

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Lewy Body Dementias.

Melissa J Armstrong

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |February 2, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Updated criteria for Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Parkinson disease dementia reveal significant overlap. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, emphasizing care and support for patients and families.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Geriatric Medicine
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Lewy body dementia (LBD) encompasses both dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD).
    • Recent updates to diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease (PD) and DLB have introduced considerable overlap between these conditions.
    • Understanding these diagnostic nuances is crucial for accurate patient management.

    Observation:

    • The updated criteria highlight shared clinical features and symptomatic treatment strategies between PD and DLB.
    • Despite overlap, distinct differences persist in the epidemiology and typical disease progression of DLB and PDD.
    • Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in Parkinson disease, necessitating regular cognitive screening and patient/family counseling.

    Findings:

    • Treatment for LBD is primarily symptomatic, involving medication management, physical therapy, and supportive care.
    • Key treatment components include avoiding causative medications, prescribing agents for cognitive and motor symptoms, and implementing non-pharmacological interventions.
    • Comprehensive care plans incorporate education, counseling, caregiver support, and palliative care.

    Implications:

    • Accurate diagnosis and differentiation between DLB and PDD are essential for tailored treatment and prognosis.
    • Early identification of cognitive changes in Parkinson disease is critical for timely intervention and support.
    • Integrated care approaches, including multidisciplinary support and palliative strategies, are vital for optimizing outcomes in LBD.