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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Metallic Solids02:37

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores
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Single-Molecule Analysis with Solid-State Nanopores.

Tim Albrecht1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)
|February 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-state nanopore and nanopipette sensors enable nanoscale measurements for biophysics and biomedical applications. This review details their fundamental principles, recent advancements, and future challenges in analytical sensing.

Keywords:
CoulterDNAnanopipettenanoporeresistive pulse sensingsensing

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscale science and technology
  • Biophysics
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Biomedical sensing

Background:

  • Solid-state nanopores and nanopipettes have emerged as powerful single-molecule sensors over the past two decades.
  • These nanoscale devices provide a platform for investigating fundamental nanoscale transport phenomena and stochastic processes.
  • Their applications have expanded significantly from basic research to analytical and biomedical sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental principles governing the operation and transport mechanisms within solid-state nanopore and nanopipette sensors.
  • To contextualize these sensors as a valuable analytical technique.
  • To highlight recent technological developments and discuss future challenges and opportunities in the field.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on solid-state nanopore and nanopipette sensor technology.
  • It focuses on fundamental physical principles of nanoscale transport and sensor operation.
  • The review examines recent advancements and applications in analytical and biomedical sensing.

Main Results:

  • Solid-state nanopores and nanopipettes offer unique capabilities for single-molecule analysis.
  • Their operational principles are rooted in nanoscale transport phenomena and stochastic processes.
  • Significant progress has been made in their application for biophysical studies and biomedical diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state nanopore and nanopipette sensors represent a rapidly advancing field with broad applicability.
  • Continued development is expected to enhance their analytical performance and expand their use in biomedical sensing.
  • Addressing current challenges will be key to unlocking the full potential of these nanoscale sensing platforms.