Harnessing plasmonic charge dynamics for next-generation battery chemistries

Plasmonic nanostructures have gained prominence as versatile materials capable of enhancing light-matter interactions at the nanoscale, providing pathways to accelerate charge transfer, modulate interfacial reactions, and overcome intrinsic kinetic limitations in energy storage systems. This review critically examines the integration of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) into plasmon-assisted batteries and hybrid supercapacitors. We discuss key material design strategies, emphasizing how nanoscale architecture and compositional tailoring from traditional noble metals to advanced heterostructures, enable fine-tuning of optical and electronic properties to optimize electrochemical responses. The fundamental mechanisms of hot-carrier generation, near-field enhancement, and synergistic light-electric field effects are explored, with particular focus on their roles in facilitating selective redox processes and enhancing catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, we discuss how controlled plasmonic excitation can access distinct chemical pathways by adjusting resonance energies, offering new opportunities for plasmon-driven reactivity at electrode surfaces. Advanced characterization techniques, including operando electrochemical spectroscopic and microscopic methods coupled with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), are highlighted as powerful tools for elucidating dynamic interfacial processes and energy transfer mechanisms. The review concludes by outlining major challenges and exploring how plasmonic approaches can be leveraged to advance light-responsive energy storage beyond conventional lithium-based systems.