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The Dynamic Associations Between Cortical Thickness and General Intelligence are Genetically Mediated.

J Eric Schmitt1, Armin Raznahan2, Liv S Clasen2

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|February 5, 2019
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Genetic factors largely explain the relationship between brain cortical thickness and intelligence (IQ) in developing youth. These shared genetic influences are dynamic, shaping how brain structure and cognitive abilities interact throughout childhood and adolescence.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Intelligence and brain structure, specifically cortical thickness (CT), show dynamic associations in youth.
  • Intelligence and brain regions linked to intelligence are known to be highly heritable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic underpinnings of the relationship between cortical thickness and intelligence (IQ).
  • To integrate findings from neuroimaging and quantitative genetics research on intelligence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a genetically informative longitudinal sample of 813 typically developing youth.
  • Acquired high-resolution MRI scans and administered Wechsler Intelligence Scales (IQ) assessments.
  • Analyzed the genetic contributions to the covariance between cortical thickness and IQ.

Main Results:

  • Replicated the phenotypic association between multimodal association cortex, language centers, and IQ.
  • Found that the covariance between cortical thickness and IQ is almost entirely genetically mediated.
  • Identified shared genetic factors influencing the evolving CT-IQ relationships during brain development.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between brain cortical thickness and intelligence in developing youth is predominantly driven by genetic factors.
  • Shared genetic influences play a crucial role in the dynamic interplay between brain structure and cognitive abilities.
  • This study provides novel insights into the heritability of brain-intelligence relationships during development.