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Interleukin-18 in Health and Disease.

Koubun Yasuda1, Kenji Nakanishi2, Hiroko Tsutsui3

  • 1Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan. koubun@hyo-med.ac.jp.

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|February 6, 2019
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Summary

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that enhances type 1 immune responses. It stimulates various immune cells, including T cells and NK cells, influencing immune responses in both health and disease.

Keywords:
IFN-γInflammationdiseasehost defenseinnate-type allergytherapeutic target

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cytokine Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-18 (IL-18) was initially identified for its role in enhancing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by Th1 cells, particularly when co-stimulated with IL-12.
  • IL-12 acts as a commitment factor for naive T cells, directing their differentiation into IL-18 receptor (IL-18R)-expressing Th1 cells that amplify IFN-γ production upon IL-18 stimulation.
  • IL-18 functions as a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes type 1 immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles and unique characteristics of Interleukin-18 (IL-18).
  • To explore the functions of IL-18 in various biological contexts, including its impact on different immune cell types and its involvement in health and disease.
  • To highlight the pleiotropic effects of IL-18 beyond its initial description.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on IL-18.
  • The review focuses on experimental animal models and human studies.
  • Key findings from various studies on IL-18's cellular targets and functions are discussed.

Main Results:

  • IL-18, independent of IL-12 but in conjunction with IL-2, stimulates NK cells, CD4+ NKT cells, and Th1 cells to produce cytokines like IL-3, IL-9, and IL-13.
  • IL-18, along with IL-3, activates mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of IL-4, IL-13, and histamine.
  • IL-18 exhibits pleiotropic functions by interacting with its specific receptor on diverse cell types.

Conclusions:

  • IL-18 is a cytokine with diverse functions, acting on a wide array of immune cells.
  • The cytokine plays a significant role in modulating immune responses, contributing to both protective immunity and inflammatory conditions.
  • Understanding IL-18's unique features is crucial for comprehending its involvement in health and disease processes.