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Within-Host Priority Effects Systematically Alter Pathogen Coexistence.

Patrick A Clay, Kailash Dhir, Volker H W Rudolf

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pathogen infection order impacts their survival and competition within hosts. Understanding these priority effects is crucial for predicting pathogen coexistence and evolution in host populations.

    Keywords:
    coexistencecoinfectionparasite interactionspriority effects

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Coinfection dynamics significantly influence host populations, affecting pathogen prevalence, mortality, and evolution.
    • Within-host pathogen interactions, governed by infection order (priority effects), are critical for pathogen coexistence but remain understudied.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of within-host priority effects on pathogen coexistence.
    • To determine how the order of pathogen infection influences pathogen fitness and community structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Laboratory experiments using a coinfected zooplankton system to assess pathogen fitness based on infection order.
    • Parameterization of a pathogen coexistence model using empirical data on priority effects.

    Main Results:

    • Pathogens exhibited increased fitness when infecting a host second compared to first.
    • Pathogen coexistence decreased when priority effects favored the first-arriving pathogen.
    • Pathogen coexistence increased when priority effects favored the second-arriving pathogen.

    Conclusions:

    • Within-host priority effects can systematically alter conditions for pathogen coexistence.
    • Priority effects can reshape pathogen community structure, influencing host mortality and pathogen evolution.
    • Frequency dependence, driven by pathogen prevalence and infection order, underlies these priority effects.