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When a drug follows nonlinear pharmacokinetics, its bioavailability, the amount of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, can change with different doses. This is due to the presence of a saturable pathway. The pathway becomes saturated as the drug concentration increases, decreasing the absorption rate. Consequently, the drug's bioavailability may be lower than expected at higher doses.
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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Non-plasma Bonding of PDMS for Inexpensive Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices
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Chemical-PDMS binding kinetics and implications for bioavailability in microfluidic devices.

Alexander W Auner1, Kazi M Tasneem, Dmitry A Markov

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. shane.hutson@vanderbilt.edu.

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|February 6, 2019
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Summary

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) organ-on-chip devices bind hydrophobic chemicals, affecting drug delivery. This study quantifies PDMS binding for 19 chemicals, revealing impacts on cellular exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microfluidic organ-on-chip (OOC) devices made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are valuable for drug and toxicant studies.
  • A key limitation of PDMS is its tendency to bind hydrophobic chemicals, altering chemical delivery and dose-response relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify PDMS binding for a wider range of chemicals.
  • To investigate the chemical properties influencing PDMS binding.
  • To model the impact of PDMS binding on chemical transport and cellular exposure in OOC devices.

Main Methods:

  • Tested 19 chemicals using UV-vis or infrared spectroscopy to measure chemical loss from solution.
  • Employed two setups with varying PDMS surface-area-to-solution-volume ratios.
  • Characterized binding kinetics by fitting depletion and return data to a first-order model.

Main Results:

  • Discernible PDMS binding was observed for eight of the tested chemicals.
  • PDMS binding was strongest for hydrophobic chemicals (log P > 1.85) with low H-bond donor numbers.
  • Binding capacities and rate constants were determined, showing potential to alter cellular exposures by up to an order of magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • PDMS binding significantly impacts chemical bioavailability in OOC devices.
  • Understanding binding kinetics is crucial for accurate interpretation of OOC experimental results.
  • The findings provide a basis for designing OOC experiments that account for or mitigate PDMS binding effects.