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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Expansion and Adipogenesis Induction of Adipocyte Progenitors from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Isolated by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting
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Elevated bone morphogenic protein 4 expression implicated in site-specific adipogenesis in thyroid associated

Janice Siu Chong Wong1, Wai Kit Chu1, Benjamin Fuk Loi Li1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

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Bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) drives adipogenesis in thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). Higher BMP4 in periorbital fat enhances fat cell growth, a key TAO change.

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Bone morphogenic protein 4OrbitPathologySite-specific adipogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) involves periorbital adipose tissue expansion.
  • Bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) is crucial for adipogenesis.
  • Understanding site-specific BMP4 roles in TAO is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare BMP4 expression in periorbital versus subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSC) from TAO patients.
  • To investigate the impact of BMP4 on adipogenesis in these distinct cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • ADSC were isolated from periorbital (eyelid, orbital) and subcutaneous (abdominal) adipose tissue.
  • BMP4 expression was analyzed using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence.
  • Adipogenesis was assessed after BMP4 knockdown and exogenous BMP4 protein addition.

Main Results:

  • Periorbital ADSC exhibited significantly higher BMP4 mRNA and protein expression than subcutaneous ADSC.
  • BMP4 expression decreased during induced adipogenesis in periorbital ADSC.
  • BMP4 knockdown enhanced adipogenic markers (PPARγ, perilipin) in periorbital ADSC, an effect reversed by exogenous BMP4.

Conclusions:

  • BMP4 expression is elevated in periorbital adipose tissue of TAO patients.
  • BMP4 plays a complex, site-specific role in modulating adipogenesis in TAO.
  • Targeting BMP4 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for TAO.