Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026
09:57
How to Measure Cortical Folding from MR Images: a Step-by-Step Tutorial to Compute Local Gyrification Index
Published on: January 2, 2012
28.6K
The Subplate: A Potential Driver of Cortical Folding?
Shreya Rana1,2, Rosita Shishegar3, Sebastian Quezada1,2
1The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|February 6, 2019
Summary
Brain cortical folding, crucial for cognitive function, remains poorly understood. This review explores the subplate
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Comparative Anatomy
Background:
- Cortical folding increases brain surface area, vital for mammalian brain function.
- Abnormal cortical folding is linked to developmental disorders like fetal alcohol syndrome.
- Mechanisms driving cortical folding are largely unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential role of the subplate in directing region-dependent cortical folding.
- To explore subplate development in different species and its cellular characteristics.
- To identify molecular cues involved in guiding axonal development during cortical folding.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of subplate development in lissencephalic and gyrencephalic cortices.
- Review of cellular characteristics within the transient subplate compartment.
- Discussion of potential molecular guidance mechanisms for axonal projections.
Main Results:
- The subplate, a transient developmental structure, may play a key role in initiating region-specific cortical folding.
- Cellular composition and molecular signaling within the subplate are critical for guiding neuronal connections.
- Understanding subplate function offers insights into the origins of abnormal brain folding.
Conclusions:
- The subplate is a critical, yet understudied, structure in mammalian brain development.
- Further research into subplate mechanisms can elucidate the causes of cortical malformations.
- This review highlights the subplate as a potential key regulator of sulcal and gyral formation.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Protein Folding
127.3K
Overview
127.3K
01:25Protein Folding
11.4K
Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Upon synthesis, a protein folds into a three-dimensional conformation, critical to its biological function. Interactions between its constituent amino acids guide protein folding, and hence the protein structure is primarily dependent on its amino acid sequence.
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
Proteins perform a wide range of biological functions such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing...
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
Proteins perform a wide range of biological functions such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing...
11.4K
03:00Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding
19.8K
The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...
The...
19.8K
03:00Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding
15.0K
15.0K
00:52Potential Energy
42.7K
The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
42.7K
03:02Standard Electrode Potentials
50.1K
On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
50.1K