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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

156.3K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
156.3K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.8K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.8K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.0K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.0K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.7K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.7K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.9K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.9K

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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: Marmoset Research - Scope and Challenges
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Marmosets as a translational aging model-Introduction.

Suzette D Tardif1

  • 1Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.

American Journal of Primatology
|February 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is an excellent nonhuman primate model for aging research. New findings enhance our understanding of marmoset aging, potentially improving human healthspan.

Keywords:
agingmarmosettranslational models

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Comparative biology
  • Primate research

Background:

  • The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) possesses unique life history traits making it a valuable nonhuman primate model for aging studies.
  • A deeper understanding of marmoset aging is crucial for leveraging its potential in biomedical research.

Discussion:

  • This special issue presents novel research on the aging process in common marmosets.
  • These findings highlight the species' utility in unraveling the complexities of aging.

Key Insights:

  • The common marmoset offers significant potential for advancing our knowledge of aging mechanisms.
  • Research in this species can provide insights applicable to human aging and age-related diseases.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into marmoset aging is expected to yield breakthroughs in gerontological science.
  • This research may ultimately contribute to strategies for improving human healthspan and quality of life in older age.