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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Probing primary mesenchymal stem cells differentiation status by micro-Raman spectroscopy.

J J Lazarević1, T Kukolj2, D Bugarski2

  • 1Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade 11080, Serbia.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|February 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Micro-Raman spectroscopy effectively differentiates mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiated lineages by analyzing biomolecular changes. This technique offers a valuable tool for assessing cell status in clinical applications.

Keywords:
DifferentiationRaman spectroscopyStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Spectroscopy
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from periodontal ligament are crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • Assessing MSC differentiation status is vital for therapeutic applications.
  • Non-invasive techniques are needed for real-time cell analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intrinsic biomolecular profile of individual periodontal ligament-derived MSCs.
  • To assess the differentiation status of MSCs towards adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages using micro-Raman spectroscopy.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of micro-Raman spectroscopy in distinguishing cell states.

Main Methods:

  • Micro-Raman spectroscopy was utilized to analyze individual MSCs.
  • Cells were cultured on cost-effective glass coverslips.
  • MSCs were induced to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages.
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied for statistical analysis of spectral data.

Main Results:

  • Raman spectra showed distinct changes during differentiation: increased protein/lipid bands and decreased nucleic acid bands.
  • PCA successfully grouped cells based on their differentiation status.
  • Micro-Raman spectroscopy demonstrated sensitivity to biomolecular alterations associated with cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Micro-Raman spectroscopy is a powerful, label-free technique for analyzing MSCs.
  • This method can accurately distinguish between undifferentiated MSCs and their differentiated progeny.
  • The findings suggest potential for clinical applications in cell-based therapies and diagnostics.