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Quality control is one of the three cyclical quality assurance activities that help keep a system under statistical control. Typical quality control activities include creating quality control charts, conducting proficiency testing, and documenting and archiving results.
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Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...
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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Air-entraining Agents01:27

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Air-entraining agents improve the durability and workability of concrete in climates with frequent freezing and thawing. These agents prevent cracks by introducing small air bubbles into the mix, creating spaces accommodating water expansion when temperatures drop. The air-entraining agents lower the surface tension of water, forming stable, small air bubbles. This method is more effective than having accidental large voids, as the intentional, smaller, and evenly distributed air voids improve...
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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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Analyzing the Photo-oxidation of 2-propanol at Indoor Air Level Concentrations Using Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry
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Indoor Air Quality Assessment Using a CO2 Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things.

Gonçalo Marques1, Cristina Roque Ferreira2, Rui Pitarma3

  • 1Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco Sá Carneiro, Nº 50, 6300-559, Guarda, Portugal. goncalosantosmarques@gmail.com.

Journal of Medical Systems
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Summary

The iAirCO2 system offers real-time monitoring of indoor air quality (IAQ) by tracking carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. This IoT-based solution helps ensure healthier living and working environments by detecting potential IAQ issues early.

Keywords:
AAL (ambient assisted living)Enhanced living environmentsHealth informaticsIAQ (indoor air quality)IoT (internet of things)Smart cities

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Sensor Technology
  • Internet of Things (IoT)

Background:

  • Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly impacts health and comfort, as people spend over 90% of their time indoors.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a key IAQ indicator; levels exceeding 1000 ppm signal potential indoor air problems.
  • Real-time CO2 monitoring is crucial for timely intervention and maintaining healthy indoor environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the iAirCO2 system, an IoT-based solution for real-time CO2 monitoring.
  • To demonstrate a low-cost, scalable, and easy-to-install system for IAQ assessment.
  • To explore the potential of IAQ data for future medical diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a hardware prototype for ambient data collection.
  • Implementation of a Web and smartphone software for data visualization and consultation.
  • Utilizing open-source technologies and Wi-Fi connectivity for a comprehensive IoT system.

Main Results:

  • The iAirCO2 system effectively monitors CO2 concentrations in real-time.
  • The system provides a viable appraisal of indoor air quality.
  • Open-source architecture ensures modularity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The iAirCO2 system offers a practical solution for continuous IAQ monitoring.
  • Real-time data enables proactive interventions for healthier indoor spaces.
  • The system's design supports future integration with healthcare for diagnostics.