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The influence of misinformation manipulations on evaluative conditioning
Taylor Benedict1, Jasmin Richter1, Anne Gast1
1Social Cognition Center Cologne, Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Germany.
Acta Psychologica
|February 8, 2019
Summary
Misinformation significantly altered evaluative conditioning (EC) effects. False information reversed attitudes for some stimuli, while accurate or no information yielded standard EC, highlighting memory
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Social Psychology
Background:
- Evaluative conditioning (EC) is a process where attitudes towards a stimulus are formed through association with another stimulus.
- The role of explicit memory and the impact of misinformation on EC are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how misinformation influences evaluative conditioning (EC).
- To examine the moderating effect of misinformation on the relationship between explicit memory and EC.
Main Methods:
- Participants underwent a conditioning procedure pairing conditioned stimuli (CS) with unconditioned stimuli (US).
- Misinformation was introduced by providing false suggestions about CS-US pairings, specifically altering the valence association.
- Control conditions included accurate suggestions or no suggestions regarding the CS-US contingencies.
Main Results:
- Misinformation significantly moderated EC effects, leading to a reversed EC effect when false information was provided.
- Standard EC effects were observed for CS-US pairs with no suggestions or accurate suggestions.
- Misinformation also impacted memory for the CS-US pairs.
Conclusions:
- Misinformation can influence both explicit memory and attitudes, demonstrating its power beyond memory recall.
- The findings support theories emphasizing the role of explicit memory in evaluative conditioning.
- This research underscores the vulnerability of attitudes to post-conditioning informational influences.
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