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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Tightly locked optical frequency comb from a semiconductor disk laser.

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    Ultrafast semiconductor disk lasers (SDLs) with semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) create gigahertz optical frequency combs (OFCs). This method achieves stable OFC spacing and offset without external amplification, offering competitive noise performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Laser Physics
    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Semiconductor disk lasers (SDLs) passively modelocked with semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are emerging as powerful sources for generating optical frequency combs (OFCs).
    • Achieving gigahertz (GHz) OFC line spacings is challenging for traditional solid-state and fiber lasers due to geometrical and Q-switching limitations.
    • Stabilizing both the frequency comb spacing and offset is crucial for precise frequency metrology and advanced applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the generation and stabilization of gigahertz optical frequency combs using a SESAM-modelocked vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL).
    • To investigate the potential of this compact laser system for supercontinuum generation (SCG) and OFC offset stabilization without external amplification or pulse compression.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a SESAM-modelocked VECSEL operating around 1 µm to generate ultrashort pulses (122 fs) with 160 mW average output power.
    • Employing a silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide for supercontinuum generation.
    • Stabilizing the OFC spacing and offset through nonlinear processes within the waveguide, requiring only 17 pJ of pulse energy.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully generated ultrashort pulses from a SESAM-modelocked VECSEL.
    • Achieved stable gigahertz OFC spacing and offset stabilization without external optical amplification or pulse compression.
    • Demonstrated competitive overall noise performance compared to other gigahertz OFC systems.
    • Required low pulse energy (17 pJ) for supercontinuum generation and OFC offset stabilization in a Si3N4 waveguide.

    Conclusions:

    • SESAM-modelocked VECSELs offer a robust and compact platform for generating gigahertz optical frequency combs.
    • The demonstrated stabilization technique eliminates the need for complex external amplification or pulse compression setups.
    • This approach provides a promising route towards practical and high-performance gigahertz OFC systems for various scientific and technological applications.