Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Respiratory compensation is a vital physiological process that stabilizes blood plasma pH by regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a key determinant of pH levels. Most carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves and converts into carbonic acid (H2CO3). It dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻). There is also an inverse relationship between PCO2 and pH.
When carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, more H+ and HCO3⁻ are...

What are Viruses?

What are Viruses?

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...

The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system is comprised of the organs that enable breathing. Air enters the nostrils and mouth, followed by the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box), which lead to the trachea (windpipe). In the thoracic cavity, the trachea splits into two bronchi that allow air to enter the lungs. The bronchi split into progressively smaller bronchioles and terminate in small groups of tiny sacs in the lungs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A subunit vaccine for multiple respiratory viruses.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Comparative study of synthetic nanofilaments assembled from amphiphilic peptides and β-peptides as antigen delivery nanostructures.

Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine·2026

Same author

Molecular Mechanisms of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation: Towards Chemical Strategies to Prevent Amyloid Formation and to Design Non-Aggregating Peptide Therapeutics.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Role of the anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequence of 16S rRNA in Flavobacterium johnsoniae.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same author

Structure of a specialized 70S initiation complex.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same author

Total Chemical Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of Porcine β-Defensin 5 Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines Against Respiratory Viruses.

Soultan Al-Halifa^1,2, Laurie Gauthier^1,2,3,4, Dominic Arpin^1,2,3,4

¹Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Frontiers in Immunology

|February 9, 2019

Summary

Nanoparticle vaccines offer a promising solution for respiratory viruses, overcoming limitations of traditional vaccines. These advanced platforms enhance immune response, providing safe, effective, and affordable immunization against viral infections.

Keywords:

immune response mucosal sites nanocarriers nanovaccine respiratory viruses

More Related Videos

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

Published on: May 11, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

Published on: May 11, 2020

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Nanotechnology
Vaccinology

Background:

Respiratory viruses like RSV, influenza, and parainfluenza initially infect the upper respiratory tract, progressing to the lower tract and causing disease.
Vaccination is a key strategy for controlling viral pathogenicity and preventing pulmonary diseases.
Conventional vaccines (live-attenuated, inactivated, subunit) have limitations including reversion to virulence, weak immune response, and partial protection.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the advantages of using nanoparticles as vaccine delivery platforms against respiratory viruses.
To highlight examples of nanoparticle-based vaccines demonstrating potential safety, efficacy, and affordability.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on nanoparticle vaccine technology.
Analysis of advancements in chemical and biological engineering for nanoparticle design.
Examination of nanoparticle characteristics influencing antigen presentation and immunogenicity.

Main Results:

Nanoparticles allow precise control over size, shape, functionality, and surface properties.
Nanoparticle vaccine platforms demonstrate enhanced antigen presentation and strong immunogenicity.
These platforms address limitations of conventional and subunit vaccines.

Conclusions:

Nanoparticles represent a new generation of vaccines with significant potential for combating respiratory viral infections.
Nanoparticle-based vaccines show promise as safe, effective, and affordable alternatives.
Further development in this area could revolutionize respiratory virus immunization strategies.