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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
Published on: June 9, 2023
The formation and detection techniques of oxygen vacancies in titanium oxide-based nanostructures
Ayan Sarkar1, Gobinda Gopal Khan
1Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Block-JD2, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India. visit2ayan@gmail.com.
Abstract:
TiO2 and other titanium oxide-based nanomaterials have drawn immense attention from researchers in different scientific domains due to their fascinating multifunctional properties, relative abundance, environmental friendliness, and bio-compatibility. However, the physical and chemical properties of titanium oxide-based nanomaterials are found to be explicitly dependent on the presence of various crystal defects. Oxygen vacancies are the most common among them and have always been the subject of both theoretical and experimental research as they play a crucial role in tuning the inherent properties of titanium oxides. This review highlights different strategies for effectively introducing oxygen vacancies in titanium oxide-based nanomaterials, as well as a discussion on the positions of oxygen vacancies inside the TiO2 band gap based on theoretical calculations. Additionally, a detailed review of different experimental techniques that are extensively used for identifying oxygen vacancies in TiO2 nanostructures is also presented.
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