Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.0K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.0K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.6K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.7K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.7K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

54.8K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
54.8K
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

2.0K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trace Elements in Allergy: Narrative Review.

Allergy·2026
Same author

Detecting the Physicochemical Transformations in Solid Drug Products Stored for Long Periods of Time-Insights into DSC Application.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Spectroscopic and Chemometric Evaluation of the Stability of Timolol, Naphazoline, and Diflunisal in the Presence of Reactive Excipients Under Forced Degradation Conditions.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Influence of Preparation Methods on the Concentrations of Lead and Cadmium in <i>Amanita muscaria</i> Products.

Toxics·2025
Same author

Methods of Thermal Analysis as Fast and Reliable Tools for Identification and Quantification of Active Ingredients in Commercially Available Drug Products.

Pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Analysis of the Effect of the Tablet Matrix on the Polymorphism of Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Naproxen Sodium in Commercially Available Pharmaceutical Formulations.

Methods and protocols·2025
Same journal

Confounding-aware disproportionality analysis reveals disease-inherent versus drug-attributable endocrine safety signals of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Full-term pregnancy after severe gestational psittacosis: a case report and literature review.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Editorial: Model-informed approaches: uniting drug development with personalized medicine.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Rhein ameliorates MASH via EGFR/AKT/PPARα-mediated coordinated regulation of metabolism and inflammation.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Uncovering antioxidant and anti-breast cancer potential metabolite from <i>streptomyces</i> strain sp. VITAMB using integrated experimental and computational approaches.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of flavonoids from Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a focus on immune-inflammatory signaling pathways.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Metal-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprinting of Porous and Solid Silicon Wafers
09:18

Metal-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprinting of Porous and Solid Silicon Wafers

Published on: February 8, 2022

4.6K

Interactions Between Paracetamol and Hypromellose in the Solid State.

Edyta Leyk1, Marek Wesolowski1

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|February 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hypromellose) can reduce paracetamol crystallinity, aiding in drug formulation. This study confirms hypromellose-paracetamol interactions, leading to paracetamol amorphization and improved solubility.

Keywords:
glass transition in mixturehypromelloseinteractionsmiscibility with polymerparacetamolphase diagramsolubility with polymer

More Related Videos

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
11:38

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

Published on: February 1, 2020

16.9K
Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids
13:29

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

Published on: August 23, 2012

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Metal-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprinting of Porous and Solid Silicon Wafers
09:18

Metal-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprinting of Porous and Solid Silicon Wafers

Published on: February 8, 2022

4.6K
In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
11:38

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

Published on: February 1, 2020

16.9K
Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids
13:29

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

Published on: August 23, 2012

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hypromellose) is a common pharmaceutical excipient.
  • Excipients can influence the physical properties and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
  • Understanding API-excipient interactions is crucial for effective drug formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of hypromellose on paracetamol's solubility, miscibility, and amorphization.
  • To elucidate the solid-state interactions between paracetamol and hypromellose.
  • To construct a phase diagram for crystalline paracetamol and amorphous hypromellose.

Main Methods:

  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for thermal analysis and interaction detection.
  • Hot-stage microscopy (HSM) for visual observation of phase transitions.
  • Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy for molecular interaction analysis.
  • Heating-cooling-heating cycles to confirm amorphization.

Main Results:

  • DSC indicated potential interactions between hypromellose and paracetamol, reducing paracetamol crystallinity.
  • Heating-cooling-heating tests confirmed the amorphization of paracetamol in the presence of hypromellose.
  • FT-IR and Raman analyses ruled out chemical reactions and hydrogen bonding between the components.
  • A phase diagram was developed, providing insights into API solubility, miscibility, and glass transition temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Hypromellose significantly influences paracetamol's solid-state properties, promoting amorphization.
  • The developed phase diagram is a valuable tool for predicting paracetamol solubility and miscibility in hypromellose-based formulations.
  • These findings contribute to the rational design of drug delivery systems utilizing hypromellose excipients.