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Food web rewiring in a changing world.

Timothy J Bartley1,2, Kevin S McCann3, Carling Bieg3

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Climate change is altering ecosystems, prompting mobile generalist species to rapidly change their behavior. These shifts predictably rewire food webs by changing connections and energy flows, serving as early warning signals for ecosystem impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Food Web Dynamics

Background:

  • Climate change is creating novel environmental conditions and heterogeneity across ecosystems.
  • Mobile generalist species are key players in ecosystem dynamics due to their broad resource use and movement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the behavioral responses of mobile generalist species to climate change reorganize food webs.
  • To identify the mechanisms and predictability of food web rewiring driven by generalist consumers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesizing existing theory and data from diverse ecosystems.
  • Analyzing behavioral shifts of mobile generalist species in response to climate-induced environmental changes.
  • Examining changes in food web topology and interaction strengths.

Main Results:

  • Mobile generalists are redistributing and consuming new prey, causing topological rewiring (changes in food web structure).
  • Generalists are altering their habitat use, leading to interaction strength rewiring (changes in energy/carbon flow).
  • Species with shared traits exhibit unified behavioral responses, allowing for prediction of whole food web rewiring.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid behavioral responses of mobile generalists to climate change are a primary driver of food web reorganization.
  • Food web rewiring by generalists alters energy flow and ecosystem stability.
  • Generalist behavioral responses offer a powerful tool for predicting climate change impacts and serve as early warning signals for ecosystem health.