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A tutorial on testing hypotheses using the Bayes factor.

Herbert Hoijtink¹, Joris Mulder¹, Caspar van Lissa¹

¹Department of Methodology and Statistics.

Psychological Methods

|February 12, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Bayes factor offers a superior method for hypothesis evaluation in psychological research, moving beyond traditional significance testing. This approach quantifies evidence for all hypotheses, including the null, and facilitates continuous data updating.

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Area of Science:

Psychological Research Methods
Statistical Inference

Background:

Traditional null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST) provides dichotomous reject/do-not-reject decisions.
NHST struggles with quantifying evidence for the null hypothesis and handling multiple comparisons.
Bayesian approaches offer a more nuanced framework for hypothesis evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce researchers to hypothesis evaluation using the Bayes factor.
To provide a practical, non-technical guide for applying Bayes factors in psychological research.
To demonstrate the utility of Bayes factors with ANOVA models using the R package 'bain'.

Main Methods:

The tutorial focuses on the applied aspects of Bayes factor calculation and interpretation.
Illustrations use Bayes factors within an ANOVA framework, leveraging the R package 'bain'.
Readers are encouraged to replicate analyses using provided R-codes and the 'bain' package.

Main Results:

The Bayes factor quantifies evidence in favor of each hypothesis, including the null.
It simplifies the evaluation of multiple hypotheses without complex adjustments for multiple testing.
Bayes factors allow for continuous updating of evidence as new data become available.

Conclusions:

Researchers can effectively evaluate hypotheses using Bayes factors after completing this tutorial.
The methods demonstrated are applicable beyond ANOVA models to various statistical contexts.
Adoption of Bayes factors can enhance the rigor and interpretability of psychological research findings.