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Physical activity trajectories and subsequent fall risk: ARIC Study.

Kelley Pettee Gabriel1, Michael E Griswold2, Wanmei Wang2

  • 1UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Campus, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Austin, TX, USA; The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Department of Women's Health, Austin, TX, USA; The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, TX, USA.

Preventive Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in midlife is crucial for preventing falls later in life. Declining activity levels significantly increase fall risk and the number of falls in older adulthood.

Keywords:
Cohort studyExerciseFallsMidlife

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Falls are a major public health concern for older adults, leading to injury and reduced quality of life.
  • Understanding the long-term impact of physical activity patterns on fall risk is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between trajectories of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during midlife and older adulthood and subsequent fall risk.
  • To identify distinct patterns of MVPA over time and their relationship with falling outcomes in later life.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal analysis of 15,792 participants (aged 45-64) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
  • Latent class growth analysis to identify MVPA trajectory groups based on data from three examination periods.
  • Generalized Linear Models to assess the association between MVPA trajectories and reported falls (any fall, number of falls).

Main Results:

  • Four distinct MVPA trajectory groups were identified: maintained high (48%), maintained low (22%), increasing (14%), and decreasing (15%).
  • The decreasing MVPA trajectory group showed a 14% higher risk of reporting any fall compared to the maintained high group.
  • Compared to the maintained high MVPA group, the maintained low and decreasing groups had significantly higher rates of reported falls (28% and 27% higher, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Habitual moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is protective against fall risk in later life.
  • Interventions promoting physical activity should target midlife individuals, as this is a critical period for behavior change and fall prevention.
  • Public health campaigns should emphasize the importance of sustained MVPA throughout adulthood to mitigate fall risk.