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Related Concept Videos

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

560
In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
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Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

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Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview01:15

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview

3.3K
The position of the absorption signal of a sample is reported relative to the position of the signal of tetramethylsilane (TMS), which is added as an internal reference while recording spectra. The difference between the absorption frequencies of the sample and TMS (in Hz) is divided by the spectrometer operating frequency (in MHz) to obtain a dimensionless quantity called the chemical shift. It is reported on the δ (delta) scale and expressed in parts per million.
For instance, the proton...
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Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

2.2K
The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
2.2K
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.4K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

1.7K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Maxillary hollow-bulb obturator: A paradigm shift.

Aanchal Rajesh Punjabi1, Gaurang Mistry1, Omkar Shetty1

  • 1Department of Prosthodontics, DY Patil University, School of Dentistry, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel hollow-bulb obturator for maxillary defects, combining a titanium framework with a silicone cap. This advanced prosthesis improves retention and patient quality of life.

Keywords:
Computed-aided design-computed-aided manufacturinglaser weldingobturator prosthesissilicone captitanium

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Area of Science:

  • Maxillofacial prosthodontics
  • Biomaterials science
  • Reconstructive surgery

Background:

  • Maxillary defects cause significant physical and psychological distress, impairing quality of life.
  • Rehabilitation is challenging due to defect extent and prosthesis retention issues.
  • Achieving a proper oronasal seal is crucial for restoring function.

Observation:

  • A novel hollow-bulb obturator was designed using computer-aided design (CAD) and titanium laser welding.
  • The prosthesis features a titanium framework with a flexible, snap-on silicone cap.
  • Intraoral trials were conducted to validate the prosthetic design before final fabrication.

Findings:

  • The combined titanium and silicone obturator offers long-term treatment and increased retention.
  • This design effectively addresses challenges associated with conventional hollow-bulb obturators.
  • The fabrication protocol ensures a successful and functional prosthetic solution.

Implications:

  • This innovative maxillary obturator provides a viable alternative for maxillofacial prosthodontists.
  • Improved prosthesis design can significantly enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.
  • Further research into CAD/CAM technologies in maxillofacial prosthetics is warranted.