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The effect of an inert salt on the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt is known as the salt effect. The degree of the salt effect varies with the ionic strength of the solution, which in turn depends on the activity of the species in the solution. The activity is expressed as the product of concentration and the activity coefficient of the species.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Mild gestational diabetes: towards a redefined threshold?

Natasha L Hezelgrave1, Daghni Rajasingham2, Andrew H Shennan2

  • 1c Women's Health Academic Centre, Kings College London, UK. natasha.hezelgrave@kcl.ac.uk.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mild gestational diabetes, though previously underestimated, poses risks to both mother and fetus. This review examines the evidence and implications for managing mild cases of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Keywords:
gestational diabeteshyperglycemiamacrosomiaobesityscreeningsensitivityspecificity

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication characterized by carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycemia.
  • GDM exists on a spectrum, with varying metabolic abnormalities and pregnancy-related risks.
  • Current World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic thresholds for GDM are being re-evaluated due to emerging evidence of risks associated with 'mild' GDM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing evidence on 'mild' gestational diabetes mellitus.
  • To identify unanswered questions regarding the diagnosis and management of mild GDM.
  • To discuss the health service implications for women with mild GDM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing evidence on mild GDM.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic thresholds and their limitations.
  • Synthesis of data on maternal and fetal risks associated with mild GDM.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests that 'mild' GDM, even below current diagnostic thresholds, is associated with increased maternal and fetal risks.
  • The spectrum of GDM necessitates a nuanced approach to diagnosis and management.
  • Further research is needed to clarify optimal management strategies for mild GDM.

Conclusions:

  • Women diagnosed with 'mild' GDM face significant pregnancy-related risks.
  • Current diagnostic criteria may not adequately identify all at-risk pregnancies.
  • Health services need to adapt to address the implications of mild GDM for improved maternal and fetal outcomes.