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Diagnostic Performance of RBC Indices in Beta Thalassaemia Trait.

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Beta thalassaemia trait (BTT) is common in Bangladesh and often undiagnosed. Red blood cell (RBC) indices, specifically MCV and MCH, effectively identify BTT in children, aiding in prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Beta thalassaemia trait (BTT) is a prevalent hemoglobinopathy in Bangladesh, frequently presenting with mild or no anemia, leading to underdiagnosis.
  • Early identification of BTT is crucial for effective prevention of thalassaemia disorders.
  • Red blood cell (RBC) indices offer a valuable, accessible diagnostic tool for identifying BTT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of RBC indices in identifying beta thalassaemia trait in anemic children in Bangladesh.
  • To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of MCV and MCH for BTT diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving 150 anemic children aged 1-15 years.
  • Blood samples were analyzed to determine RBC indices (MCV, MCH) and HbA2 levels.
  • Statistical analysis compared indices between BTT and non-BTT groups.

Main Results:

  • Out of 97 enrolled children, 32 (21.3%) were diagnosed with BTT and 65 (43.33%) with normal Hb variants.
  • Significant differences in HbA2, MCV, and MCH were observed between BTT and non-BTT groups (p < 0.001 for HbA2, p < 0.05 for MCV and MCH).
  • MCV demonstrated 81.25% sensitivity and 90.76% specificity, while MCH showed 84.37% sensitivity and 92.30% specificity for BTT detection.

Conclusions:

  • RBC indices, particularly MCV and MCH, are reliable and effective tools for diagnosing beta thalassaemia trait in anemic children in Bangladesh.
  • These findings support the use of RBC indices as a primary screening method to facilitate BTT diagnosis and prevention efforts.