Molecular Diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus by PCR

Cervical cancer is a major world health problem and the fourth most leading cause of death in women around the world. High risk HPV DNA has been shown to be present in 99.7% of cervical cancers worldwide. So detection of HPV DNA by PCR may help in early detection and management of cervical cancer. This cross sectional observational study was done to detect L1 antigen gene of HPV from cervical swab by nested PCR. Following universal safety precautions a total of 141 endocervical swabs were collected from Colposcopy clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of MMCH from January 2015 to December 2015. Laboratory work was done in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh HPV DNA was tested among 141 VIA positive women aged between 20-70 years by nested PCR method. DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform extraction method. Two pairs of consensus primers MY09-MY11 and GP5-GP6 were used in a nested PCR assay. Histopathological examination was done on 66 samples in the Department of Pathology, MMC, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total of 36.9% (52/141) cases were positive for HPV DNA by nested PCR. On Histopathological diagnosis PCR was positive in 42.9% chronic cervicitis, 21.2% CIN cases and 90.9% cervical carcinoma cases. Based on the findings of the study, it may be concluded that the HPV DNA testing has opened the door for an alternative surveillance mechanism to routine cytological screening. Detection of HPV may play an important role in diagnosis and clinical prognosis of precancerous lesions. So PCR may be done for all VIA positive cases for screening of cervical cancer.