Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) Attenuates Chronic Atrophic Gastritis in Rats

BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect and mechanism of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS To perform our investigation, a rat model of CAG was established, and then rats were treated with various doses of NGR1. After treatment, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used for histopathological observation and further scoring. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the contents of gastrointestinal hormones, inflammatory factors, gastric mucosal destruction factors, and gastric mucosal-protective factors. Gene and protein expressions were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. RESULTS Results indicated that NGR1 relieved rat CAG. NGR1 treatment significantly increased the levels of gastrin (GAS) and somatostatin (SS) and reduced motilin (MTL) in the serum of CAG rats. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were significantly reduced by NGR1 treatment in CAG rats in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the increased levels of prostaglandin (PG)E2, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and endothelin (ET) in CAG rats were significantly decreased by NGR1 administration. Moreover, the decreased level of secretory IgA (sIgA) and glutathione (GSH) in rats caused by MNNG was notably increased by NGR1 treatment. No significant changes were found in glutathione disulfide (GSSG) secretion. Finally, we found that the increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced Bax expression in the stomach tissues of rats caused by MNNG were eliminated by NGR1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS NGR1 exerts a protective effect on CAG, and it is a multi-target, multi-linked, comprehensive process.