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Development and Validation of the Vending Evaluation for Nutrient-Density (VEND)ing Audit
Tanya M Horacek1, Elif Dede Yildirim2, Melissa Matthews Schreiber3
1Department of Public Health Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. thoracek@syr.edu.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 15, 2019
Summary
The Vending Evaluation for Nutrient-Density (VEND)ing audit offers a valid method to assess vending machine healthfulness, price, promotion, and accessibility. This tool helps identify healthier snack and beverage options in college environments.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
- Health Promotion
Background:
- Vending machines in educational institutions often lack healthy options.
- Comprehensive evaluation tools for vending machine contents are needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Vending Evaluation for Nutrient-Density (VEND)ing audit.
- To assess the healthfulness, price, promotion, and accessibility of vended products.
Main Methods:
- Developed a novel nutrient-density score for snacks and beverages.
- Calculated VENDing audit and Support sub-scores for vending machines.
- Validated the nutrient-density score using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey-Vending (NEMS-V).
Main Results:
- The VENDing audit was applied to 228 snack/beverage machines across 9 US universities.
- VENDing nutrient-density scores positively correlated with NEMS-V for beverages (r=0.687) and snacks (r=0.366).
- Sensitivity and specificity analyses demonstrated the tool's validity for evaluating healthy options.
Conclusions:
- The VENDing audit provides a unique, valid, and reliable scoring system.
- It comprehensively evaluates vending machine environments based on healthfulness criteria.
- The tool supports efforts to promote healthier choices in vending settings.
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