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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism, spectrum or clusters? An EEG coherence study.

Frank H Duffy1, Heidelise Als2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. fhd@sover.net.

BMC Neurology
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electroencephalography (EEG) coherence factors reveal two distinct subgroups within the autism spectrum. This finding challenges the broad "autism spectrum disorder" classification and suggests a need for more precise diagnostic approaches.

Keywords:
Asperger’s syndrome (ASP)Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)Cluster analysisConnectivityDiscriminant analysisEEG coherence factorsHierarchicalK-meansNbClust

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental disorders

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence is rising, but its causes remain unclear, with genetic and epigenetic factors implicated.
  • The broad definition of ASD may obscure specific clinical correlations and hinder research.
  • Objective, electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain measures are proposed to differentiate autism subgroups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for objectively defined EEG coherence factors to identify distinct clusters within the autism population.
  • To determine if EEG coherence can quantitatively delineate subgroups within individuals diagnosed with autism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 40 pre-defined EEG coherence factors known to differentiate neurotypical individuals from those with autism and Asperger's syndrome.
  • Applied these factors prospectively to a large cohort (N=430) of individuals with autism.
  • Employed the NbClust software package for quantitative cluster analysis.

Main Results:

  • EEG coherence factors reliably identified two statistically significant clusters within the autism population.
  • These two identified clusters exhibited marked differences.
  • A disproportionate number of individuals with Asperger's syndrome were found in one of the two clusters.

Conclusions:

  • EEG coherence analysis provides evidence for two distinct, significant subgroups within the autism population.
  • The current umbrella term "Autism Spectrum Disorder" may be detrimental to patient care, clinical practice, and scientific advancement.
  • Further research into specific autism clusters is warranted for improved interventions and educational strategies.