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Related Concept Videos

Electrophiles02:28

Electrophiles

12.8K
This lesson explains the definition, classification, and characteristic features of an electrophile that are key features of nucleophilic substitution reactions. An analysis of their charge and orbital picture helps understand their reactivity for seeking electrons. Electrophiles can be classified into positive and neutral species. Other classes include free radicals and polar functional groups.
While a positive electrophile, like a proton, reacts due to its vacant, low-energy 1s orbital, the...
12.8K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

100.9K
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
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Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals01:02

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals

2.5K
Radicals adjacent to electron‐withdrawing groups are called electrophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with nucleophilic alkenes. For example, the malonate radical, in which the radical center is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing groups, reacts readily with butyl vinyl ether, which consists of an electron‐donating oxygen substituent. The reaction between electrophilic malonate radical and nucleophilic vinyl ether is favored because the radical has a...
2.5K
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

10.6K
In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
10.6K
Accuracy and Precision01:52

Accuracy and Precision

15.2K
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.  Highly accurate...
15.2K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Overview01:16

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Overview

14.1K
In an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, an electrophile substitutes for a hydrogen of an aromatic compound.
14.1K

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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Monitoring On-Target Signaling Responses in Larval Zebrafish - Z-REX Unmasks Precise Mechanisms of Electrophilic Drugs and Metabolites
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Monitoring On-Target Signaling Responses in Larval Zebrafish - Z-REX Unmasks Precise Mechanisms of Electrophilic Drugs and Metabolites

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Interrogating Precision Electrophile Signaling.

Jesse R Poganik1, Marcus J C Long2, Yimon Aye3

  • 1École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New REX technologies enable precise study of reactive electrophilic species (RES) within cells. This allows researchers to understand RES targets and signaling roles with high spatiotemporal resolution, overcoming previous limitations.

Keywords:
G-REX™T-REX™deliveryelectrophile signalingprofilingreactive electrophilic species (RES)

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Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Studying reactive electrophilic species (RES) and their cellular roles is challenging due to bulk administration methods.
  • Current methods limit understanding of target engagement for nonenzymatic RES modification events.
  • Lack of spatiotemporal control hinders detailed analysis of RES signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel technologies for precise spatiotemporal control of RES in cellular environments.
  • To enable systems-level profiling of RES targets and protein-of-interest (POI) specific signaling.
  • To overcome limitations of bulk administration in RES research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of REX (reactive electrophiles and oxidants) technologies, including T-REX and G-REX.
  • Utilized HaloTag-targetable, photocaged small-molecule precursors to native RES.
  • Implemented G-REX for systems-level profiling of kinetically privileged sensors (KPSs) of RES.
  • Implemented T-REX for POI-specific monitoring of signaling responses.

Main Results:

  • REX technologies provide high spatiotemporal resolution for studying RES.
  • G-REX enables genome-wide profiling of RES sensors.
  • T-REX allows targeted monitoring of signaling pathways influenced by RES.

Conclusions:

  • REX technologies offer a significant advancement in understanding RES biology.
  • These tools facilitate detailed investigation of RES targets and signaling dynamics.
  • The approach is compatible with multiple model systems, broadening its applicability.