Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

3.3K
Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
3.3K
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

2.5K
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
2.5K
The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

98.1K
The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
98.1K
Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

12.7K
The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
12.7K
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

1.9K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
1.9K
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

2.9K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Developing a Core Outcome Measurement Set for Adult ICU Patients, the CoreMS-ICU-A Protocol.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2026
Same author

Conservative Oxygen for Unresponsive Patients after Cardiac Arrest.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Evaluating Environmental Ward Performance: Insights From Acoustic, Lighting, and Temperature Monitoring in a Palliative Care Unit.

HERD·2026
Same author

Forecasting the Impacts of Artificial Intelligence Assistance in Virtual Consultations for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Exploratory Futures Wheel Study.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026
Same author

How infection affects the relationship between leukocyte count and mortality risk in intensive care.

Infection·2026
Same author

Ivermectin for Critically and Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (REMAP-CAP).

Critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Acute Severe Mitral Regurgitation Following Y-Incision Aortic Annular Enlargement Detected by Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

Association Between Preoperative Iron Deficiency and Postoperative Outcomes in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

An Insight Into a Potential Antithrombin-Independent Mechanism of Inadequate Heparin Response in Neonates and Infants Undergoing Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: An Exploratory Study.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

The Efficacy and Safety of Weighted Blankets to Reduce Agitation After Cardiac Catheterization and Electrophysiology Procedures in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

Echocardiographic Assessment of the Mitral Annular Dimensions for Annuloplasty Ring Sizing: A Comparative Clinical Study of Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasound.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in High-Risk Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation: Current Evidence, Patient Selection, and Perioperative Management.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

In vitro Assessment of Cardiac Reprogramming by Measuring Cardiac Specific Calcium Flux with a GCaMP3 Reporter
05:04

In vitro Assessment of Cardiac Reprogramming by Measuring Cardiac Specific Calcium Flux with a GCaMP3 Reporter

Published on: February 22, 2022

3.8K

Cardiac Prehabilitation.

Michael McCann1, Nikki Stamp1, Ann Ngui1

  • 1Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac prehabilitation proactively addresses modifiable risks before surgery. Comprehensive preoperative programs may improve outcomes for complex cardiac surgery patients.

Keywords:
cardiac surgeryfast trackprehabilitationrespiratory muscle training

More Related Videos

A Net Mold-based Method of Scaffold-free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation
06:57

A Net Mold-based Method of Scaffold-free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation

Published on: August 5, 2018

9.4K
Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells
08:00

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: January 12, 2015

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

In vitro Assessment of Cardiac Reprogramming by Measuring Cardiac Specific Calcium Flux with a GCaMP3 Reporter
05:04

In vitro Assessment of Cardiac Reprogramming by Measuring Cardiac Specific Calcium Flux with a GCaMP3 Reporter

Published on: February 22, 2022

3.8K
A Net Mold-based Method of Scaffold-free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation
06:57

A Net Mold-based Method of Scaffold-free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation

Published on: August 5, 2018

9.4K
Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells
08:00

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: January 12, 2015

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Perioperative Medicine
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Cardiac surgery patient care is increasingly complex due to comorbidities, frailty, and psychosocial factors.
  • Many risks for poor postoperative outcomes are modifiable if addressed before surgery.
  • Cardiac prehabilitation proactively applies strategies from cardiac rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate interventions targeting modifiable perioperative risk factors in cardiac surgery.
  • To identify optimal preoperative programs for improving outcomes after cardiac surgery.
  • To address the need for comprehensive prehabilitation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence on prehabilitation domains: aerobic conditioning, respiratory muscle training, lifestyle modification, diabetic control, sleep, and psychoeducation.
  • Focus on interventions implemented proactively before cardiac surgery.
  • Exploration of strategies to mitigate perioperative risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports prehabilitation interventions in multiple domains potentially improving outcomes.
  • Selected preoperative interventions show promise for enhancing patient recovery.
  • The optimal composition of a preoperative program remains undetermined.

Conclusions:

  • Prehabilitation offers a proactive approach to managing complex cardiac surgery patients.
  • Targeting modifiable risk factors preoperatively may reduce adverse outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to define optimal comprehensive preoperative programs.