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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis
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Keratoconus at a Molecular Level: A Review.

Thomas L A Volatier1, Francisco C Figueiredo1, Che J Connon1

  • 1Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Keratoconus, a common corneal disease, involves progressive thinning and conical deformation. Research explores its pathological signaling pathways to aid in prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
cell signalingextracellular matrixkeratoconusreview

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Keratoconus is the most prevalent ectatic corneal disease, typically diagnosed in individuals aged 15-25.
  • It is characterized by progressive stromal thinning and a conical deformation of the cornea.
  • The exact cause remains uncertain, but environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on pathological signaling pathways in keratoconus.
  • To understand how corneal stroma is compromised in this condition.
  • To identify potential targets for future disease prevention, treatment, and modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on keratoconus.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular factors involved in corneal pathology.
  • Examination of secretion pathways and levels of key molecules.

Main Results:

  • Identified relevant signaling pathways involving inflammatory molecules, growth factors, digestive enzymes, and apoptotic factors.
  • Highlighted the importance of cellular and secreted factors in keratoconus pathogenesis.
  • Summarized current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying corneal deformation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding keratoconic pathological signaling pathways is crucial for advancing disease management.
  • Further research into these pathways may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
  • This review provides a foundation for future developments in keratoconus prevention, treatment, and disease modeling.