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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

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Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
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Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
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Active Brownian ring polymers.

S Mahdiyeh Mousavi1, Gerhard Gompper1, Roland G Winkler1

  • 1Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|February 17, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active Brownian ring polymers exhibit enhanced conformational fluctuations and swelling at higher activity levels. Their diffusive dynamics shift from ballistic to diffusive, with subdiffusion diminishing as activity increases.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Semiflexible polymers exhibit complex behavior influenced by both bending and tension.
  • Active matter introduces nonthermal fluctuations and directed motion, altering equilibrium properties.
  • Ring polymers present unique topological and conformational constraints compared to linear chains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically investigate the conformational and dynamical properties of semiflexible active Brownian ring polymers.
  • To understand how activity influences normal-mode fluctuations and relaxation dynamics.
  • To characterize the impact of activity on ring swelling and diffusive motion.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical investigation using the Gaussian semiflexible polymer model.
  • Incorporation of activity via a Gaussian, non-Markovian stochastic process.
  • Analysis of the fluctuation spectrum of normal-mode amplitudes and mean square displacement.

Main Results:

  • Elevated activity leads to dominance of tension modes over bending modes, enhancing conformational fluctuations.
  • The fluctuation spectrum shows a crossover from quadratic to quartic dependence on mode number.
  • Increased activity promotes swelling of the mean square ring diameter and enhances diffusive dynamics, altering regimes of motion.

Conclusions:

  • Activity significantly alters the conformational and dynamical properties of semiflexible ring polymers.
  • Tension modes become dominant at high activity, leading to enhanced fluctuations and ring swelling.
  • The diffusive dynamics are strongly influenced by activity, with a gradual disappearance of the subdiffusive regime.