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Hiroaki Hobara1, Satoru Hashizume1, Johannes Funken2

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|February 17, 2019
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Summary

Elite long jumpers with a below-the-knee amputation (BKA) exhibit different leg stiffness strategies. Their affected leg shows constant vertical stiffness, unlike the unaffected leg, impacting performance compared to non-amputee athletes.

Keywords:
AmputeesLocomotionLong jumpSpring-mass model

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Prosthetics

Background:

  • Athletes with unilateral below-the-knee amputations (BKAs) typically use their affected leg for take-off in long jump.
  • Limited research exists on the leg behavior and stiffness regulation of the affected limb in these athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vertical stiffness during one-legged hopping in an elite long jump athlete with a unilateral BKA.
  • To compare the vertical stiffness of the affected and unaffected legs of the BKA athlete with non-amputee long jumpers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the spring-mass model to calculate vertical stiffness (maximum vertical ground reaction force / maximum center of mass displacement).
  • The BKA athlete and seven non-amputee long jumpers performed one-legged hopping at various frequencies.
  • Vertical stiffness was analyzed for both the affected and unaffected legs of the BKA athlete.

Main Results:

  • The unaffected leg's vertical stiffness increased with hopping frequency (1.8–3.4 Hz), while the affected leg's stiffness remained constant.
  • The BKA athlete could not achieve all tested hopping frequencies with the affected leg.
  • At 2.5 Hz, unaffected leg stiffness was 15% higher than the affected leg; non-amputee stiffness was 32% higher than the BKA athlete's affected leg.

Conclusions:

  • Athletes with unilateral BKAs employ distinct vertical stiffness regulation strategies for their affected and unaffected legs.
  • The affected leg's stiffness regulation differs significantly from non-amputee long jumpers, potentially influencing performance.